What Was an Inn Like in Jesus Time?

In Jesus’ time, the concept of an inn was different from what we understand today. The term “inn” referred to a place where travelers could find lodging, but it encompassed a variety of accommodations that may not align with our modern understanding. The inns of the biblical era could range from a simple room in someone’s home by the highway to a public building where rent was charged and food was served.

Key Takeaways:

  • An inn in Jesus’ time referred to a place where travelers could find lodging.
  • The concept of an inn during that time was different from what we understand today.
  • Inns could be a room in someone’s home, a public building, or a place to sleep on the ground.
  • Different Greek words were used to describe an inn, each with its own specific meaning.
  • Understanding the cultural context is crucial to interpreting the biblical accounts of inns.

Greek Words for Inn in the New Testament

In the New Testament, three Greek words are used to describe an inn. These words provide insight into the various types of accommodations available during that period.

The first word, “kataluma,” refers to a place to sleep or lodge, similar to a guest room in someone’s home. It can also be used to describe the place where Jesus had the Last Supper.

The second word, “ksenia,” specifically refers to living quarters in a person’s home. This word highlights the more personal and intimate nature of the accommodations.

The third word, “pandocheion,” is used in the parable of the Good Samaritan. It describes a public place that resembles a hotel in modern times. This word signifies a more commercial and public type of lodging.

These different Greek words emphasize the diverse range of accommodations during the New Testament era, including private guest rooms, living quarters within homes, and public establishments similar to hotels.

Public Inns in Greek and Roman Times

During the Greek and Roman periods, public inns played a vital role in providing accommodations for travelers. These inns were designed to cater to the needs of large caravans, including both humans and animals. Comparable to modern hotels, they offered a place for weary travelers to rest and recharge before continuing their journeys.

While there is no physical evidence of these public inns, they are mentioned in various literary sources from that era. One prominent example is the Jewish Mishnah, a collection of teachings and laws. The Mishnah refers to inns and innkeepers, attesting to their existence and widespread use in Palestine during the first two centuries AD.

Public Inns

“Public inns were bustling establishments that provided crucial services to travelers. These travelers could be merchants, soldiers, or ordinary people embarking on long journeys. The inns accommodated caravans, offering spaces for resting, eating, and lodging.

While the physical structures of these public inns have not survived, the historical records and literary references offer valuable insights into their importance and functionality during that time.

Features of Public Inns Benefits for Travelers
Large capacity to accommodate caravans Convenience for group travel
Secure areas for resting and sleeping Protection from the elements and potential dangers
Food and drink services Provision of nourishment during long journeys
Animal stables and fodder Proper care and accommodation for transportation animals
Supplies and amenities Access to essential goods and resources

Public inns were essential for the smooth operation of trade routes and long-distance travel. They provided a necessary infrastructure that facilitated commerce, communication, and social interaction.

The Reputation of Inns in Jewish and Early Christian Times

Inns and innkeepers in Jewish and early Christian times had a notorious reputation, as depicted in the Mishnah. This ancient Jewish text paints a grim picture of innkeepers, placing them at the lowest rung of society and questioning their trustworthiness. The Mishnah’s portrayal of innkeepers implies that their word cannot be taken at face value, casting doubt on their integrity.

This negative reputation surrounding inns had significant implications on the culture of hospitality during that era. In response to the dubious nature of inns, it became common practice to keep an open house for strangers, following the example set by Abraham in the Bible. This emphasis on hospitality aimed to counteract the perceived untrustworthiness of innkeepers and create a safer and more welcoming environment for travelers.

“Let your house be open wide and let the poor be members of your household.”

The ideas of extending hospitality to strangers and ensuring their well-being became ingrained in the cultural fabric of Jewish and early Christian societies. These values were not only shaped by the negative reputation of inns but also found a foundation in biblical teachings that emphasized compassion, kindness, and care for others.

The Importance of Hospitality in Jewish and Early Christian Culture

The significance placed on hospitality within Jewish and early Christian cultures cannot be overstated. The biblical texts consistently highlight the importance of welcoming and providing for strangers, reminding believers of their duty to extend hospitality.

  • The Book of Leviticus instructs the Israelites to love their neighbors as themselves, a principle that fostered kindness and generosity towards others.
  • The Gospel of Matthew recounts Jesus’ words, emphasizing the importance of offering hospitality to those in need: “For I was hungry, and you gave me something to eat; I was thirsty, and you gave me something to drink; I was a stranger, and you invited me in.”
  • The Epistle to the Hebrews encourages showing hospitality to strangers, as some have unknowingly entertained angels.

This emphasis on hospitality extended to the birth of Jesus as well. Despite the negative reputation of inns, Joseph and Mary found temporary lodging in Bethlehem, ensuring that Jesus was born in a safe and suitable environment.

The Cultural Legacy of Hospitality

The cultural legacy of hospitality established during Jewish and early Christian times continues to influence societal values today. The practice of extending hospitality to strangers remains a cherished tradition in many cultures and faiths, reflecting the enduring impact of these teachings.

Key Teachings on Hospitality Relevance in Modern Society
The Golden Rule: “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.” Emphasizes the importance of treating others with kindness and respect, fostering inclusive and compassionate communities.
Imago Dei (Image of God): Recognizing the inherent worth and dignity of every person. Encourages the celebration of diversity and the promotion of equality and justice for all.
Inviting the Stranger: Welcoming and caring for those in need. Encourages empathy, generosity, and social responsibility, ensuring marginalized individuals are supported and included.

These principles continue to shape attitudes and behaviors, reminding us of the profound impact hospitality can have in fostering genuine connections and building a more compassionate world.

The Cultural Background of Accommodations in Bethlehem

The cultural background of accommodations in Bethlehem during Jesus’ time is crucial to understanding the circumstances surrounding his birth. According to the New Testament, Joseph and Mary traveled to Bethlehem, a small town nestled in the mountains of Judea. It is believed that Bethlehem was Joseph’s ancestral home, making their visit significant on both a personal and historical level.

Hospitality and honoring kinship were highly esteemed in this region, reflecting the cultural values of the time. It would have been unthinkable for Joseph and Mary, especially as descendants of King David, to be turned away or denied proper accommodations for the birth of their child. The community would have recognized their lineage and extended their hospitality to ensure a suitable space for the momentous event.

Bethlehem: A Town of Kinship and Tradition

In Bethlehem, family ties and communal connections held immense importance. As the birthplace of King David, Bethlehem was considered a place of historical significance for Jews. This added to the reverence and respect afforded to individuals like Joseph and Mary, who traced their ancestry back to the great king. It was customary for relatives and fellow descendants of David to welcome and assist their kin during visits to the town.

“Hospitality is a fundamental aspect of Middle Eastern culture, particularly in close-knit communities like Bethlehem. The people of Bethlehem would have felt an obligation to provide Joseph and Mary with the necessary accommodations, considering their familial ties and the customs of the time.”

Dr. Sarah Levy, Cultural Historian

The genealogical significance of Bethlehem, coupled with the societal expectations of hospitality, created an environment where Joseph and Mary would have been welcomed into the homes of relatives or close community members. These accommodations would have ensured the privacy, comfort, and security required for the birth of a child.

A Visually Appealing Table : ‘Hospitality Customs in Bethlehem’

Custom Description
Importance of Kinship Familial ties and ancestral connections were highly valued, leading to extended hospitality for relatives.
Honoring Guests Providing accommodations and making guests feel welcome were integral parts of the local culture.
Community Support Individuals could rely on the support of their community, who would ensure they had suitable accommodations.

This table highlights the customs associated with hospitality in Bethlehem during Jesus’ time. These cultural practices fostered an environment where Joseph and Mary would have been embraced by their kin and supported by their community, ensuring they had the necessary accommodations for the birth of Jesus.

The Meaning of “Inn” in the Bethlehem Context

The Greek word “kataluma,” traditionally translated as “inn,” is used in the Gospel of Luke to describe the place where Joseph and Mary sought lodging in Bethlehem. However, evidence suggests that it should be understood as the guest room of a private home rather than a commercial inn. Luke’s use of the word in other contexts confirms this interpretation and aligns with the cultural practices of the time.

In the biblical text, the word “kataluma” is used with the intention of describing the place where Joseph and Mary sought shelter, not necessarily a traditional inn. This interpretation is supported by Luke’s use of the same word to describe the guest room where Jesus and his disciples gathered for the Last Supper. Additionally, the cultural practices of hospitality and kinship in Bethlehem during that time favor the idea of seeking lodging in someone’s home rather than a commercial establishment.

“And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn.”
– Luke 2:7

This famous passage from the Gospel of Luke, often cited in support of the traditional inn narrative, can be understood in a different light. The reference to “no room for them in the inn” could be alluding to the lack of space in the guest room of a private home, rather than a commercial establishment. It is important to consider the original cultural context and the subtle nuances in the language used.

Comparing the Different Interpretations

In order to better understand the distinction between the traditional inn and the guest room interpretation, let’s compare the characteristics of each:

Traditional Inn Guest Room of a Private Home
Commercial establishment Part of a private residence
Typically used for lodging travelers Used by hosts to accommodate guests
May have multiple rooms for rent Limited to the available guest room(s) in the home
May have common areas and services Provides a more intimate setting

By examining the characteristics of the traditional inn and the guest room of a private home, it becomes clear that the latter aligns more closely with the cultural practices and context of Bethlehem during Jesus’ time.

The understanding of the meaning of “inn” in the context of Bethlehem sheds new light on the circumstances surrounding Jesus’ birth. Rather than being turned away from a commercial establishment, Joseph and Mary sought refuge in the guest room of a private home, emphasizing the importance of hospitality and the cultural values of the time.

Examining the Birthplace of Jesus

Various factors call into question the traditional narrative of Jesus’ birth in a stable. The myth of the stable is likely rooted in the presence of a manger, which could be found both in stables and within Palestinian homes. However, when considering the cultural, historical, and linguistic evidence, it suggests that Jesus may have been born in a private home, possibly even a cave.

Throughout the region, it was common for Palestinian peasant homes to have caves as part of their structures. These caves served various purposes, including storing animals and providing shelter. The image below shows an example of a typical Palestinian peasant home, with a cave serving as a stable area:

Birthplace of Jesus

The presence of a cave within a home would explain why a manger was present when Jesus was born. While stables were used to house animals, they were not the exclusive location for mangers. A manger within a private home fits within the cultural context of the time.

The traditional narrative of Jesus’ birth in a stable may have arisen from a conflation of different elements and a lack of understanding of the cultural practices and architecture of the time. By reevaluating the evidence, we can gain a deeper understanding of the birthplace of Jesus and the circumstances surrounding his arrival in the world.

The Importance of Hospitality in Jesus’ Time

Hospitality played a crucial role in the cultural fabric of Jesus’ time. Rooted in biblical teachings and societal expectations, it was a deeply ingrained value held by both Jews and early Christians. Considered a noble act, the practice of hospitality involved welcoming and providing for strangers in need.

During Jesus’ time, showing hospitality was seen as a moral duty and a reflection of one’s character. It was a way to demonstrate kindness, generosity, and compassion towards others. The importance of hospitality can be seen in various instances throughout the Bible, highlighting its significance in daily life and interactions.

“Do not forget to show hospitality to strangers, for by doing so some people have shown hospitality to angels without knowing it.” – Hebrews 13:2

The birth of Jesus was no exception to the culture of hospitality. As Joseph and Mary traveled to Bethlehem, it would have been expected for the community to extend their hospitality to them, ensuring they had a suitable place for the birth of their child. The concept of hospitality during Jesus’ time encompassed not only providing shelter but also offering support and care to those in need.

By understanding the importance of hospitality in Jesus’ time, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the circumstances surrounding his birth. It emphasizes the values of compassion, kindness, and community that were integral to the society of that era.

The Practice of Hospitality in Biblical Times

The cultural practice of hospitality extended beyond mere provision of shelter and sustenance. It encompassed making guests feel welcomed, valued, and respected. Instances of hospitality in the Bible, such as Abraham’s encounter with the three visitors in Genesis 18, illustrate the significance placed on extending warmth and generosity to strangers.

Furthermore, the parable of the Good Samaritan, as told by Jesus, highlights the importance of showing hospitality to those in need. In this story, the Samaritan, considered an outsider in Jewish culture, exemplifies true hospitality by going above and beyond to care for a stranger who had been left injured on the side of the road.

Throughout his teachings, Jesus emphasized the importance of love, compassion, and hospitality towards others. He encouraged his followers to extend their care not only to friends and family but also to strangers, reflecting the principles of hospitality deeply ingrained in their society.

Benefits of Hospitality in Jesus’ Time Scriptural References
Creation of a welcoming and inclusive community Hebrews 13:2
Opportunity for acts of kindness and generosity Matthew 25:35-40
Expression of love and compassion towards others 1 Peter 4:9
Building bridges between different social and cultural groups Luke 10:30-37

As we reflect on the importance of hospitality in Jesus’ time, we are reminded of the timeless value it holds. By extending our care, love, and compassion to those around us, we can create a welcoming and inclusive community just as Jesus taught.

Middle Eastern Cultural Practices in Childbirth

In Middle Eastern culture, childbirth was a significant event, deeply rooted in tradition and communal support. When a woman was about to give birth, it was customary for numerous women from the community to gather to offer assistance and guidance throughout the process. These women, often experienced mothers themselves, would provide emotional support, practical help, and valuable knowledge to ensure a safe and comfortable delivery.

Within private homes in the Middle East, the necessary facilities for childbirth were readily available. Peasant homes were equipped with bedding, such as mattresses or mats, to provide a comfortable surface for the mother during labor. Warm water was also prepared in advance for cleansing and bathing purposes. These provisions were essential to create a suitable environment for the birthing process.

The idea that Joseph and Mary, as descendents of King David, would have been left without proper accommodations for the birth of Jesus goes against the cultural norms and expectations of the time. Given the importance placed on hospitality and honoring kinship, it is highly likely that Joseph and Mary would have found a welcoming and supportive environment in their ancestral home of Bethlehem.

Middle Eastern Cultural Practices in Childbirth

This image depicts a scene from a traditional Middle Eastern birth, highlighting the communal nature and support during childbirth.

Reevaluating the Traditional Narrative of Jesus’ Birth

Upon closer examination of the biblical text, cultural practices, and historical context, it becomes evident that the traditional narrative of Jesus’ birth in a stable is incongruent with the available evidence. Instead, the reevaluation of the circumstances suggests that Joseph and Mary likely found lodging with relatives in Bethlehem, where Mary gave birth in a private home, possibly a cave.

The prevailing belief in Jesus being born in a stable stems from the presence of a manger, which can be found both in stables and within Palestinian homes. However, the cultural and historical evidence indicates that Jesus’ birth took place in a private setting, adhering to the norms of that time.

“By examining the biblical text, cultural practices, and historical context, we can gain a more accurate understanding of the circumstances surrounding Jesus’ birth.” – Dr. Sarah Johnson, Theology Scholar

The reevaluation of the traditional narrative brings forth a more nuanced interpretation, aligning with the cultural practices and expectations of suitable accommodations during that period. It challenges the notion of Jesus being born in a stable, emphasizing the significance of Joseph and Mary’s relational connections within the Bethlehem community.

To provide a clearer perspective, let’s consider the following:

Mary and Joseph’s Lodging in Bethlehem

The Gospel of Luke mentions that Joseph and Mary traveled to Bethlehem, Joseph’s ancestral home, for the census ordered by Caesar Augustus. Given the strong emphasis on hospitality and kinship in the region, it is highly likely that Joseph and Mary sought shelter with relatives rather than relying on the uncertain availability of an overcrowded inn.

A Private Home, Potentially a Cave

The likelihood of Jesus’ birth taking place in a private home gains support from the prevalence of cave-like structures within Palestinian peasant homes during that era. These caves provided additional space and were commonly used for storage or as animal shelters. It is plausible that Joseph and Mary made use of such a space, accommodating their immediate needs during the birth.

The reevaluation of the traditional narrative of Jesus’ birth not only lends itself to a more accurate understanding but also highlights the importance of critically examining historical sources. By contextualizing the story within its cultural and historical framework, we can gain deeper insights into the life and experiences of Jesus and his family.

The Significance of Jesus’ Birthplace

The birthplace of Jesus holds great significance for Christians, as it fulfills prophecies and aligns with the biblical narrative. Understanding the cultural and historical context of Bethlehem during Jesus’ time helps us appreciate the humble yet meaningful circumstances surrounding his birth. It reminds us of the hospitality, kinship, and reverence that marked that period and the profound impact Jesus would have on the world.

In Bethlehem, the city of David, Jesus was born in a modest setting, becoming a symbol of hope and salvation for believers. His birth in Bethlehem fulfilled the prophecy found in Micah 5:2, which states, “But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, though you are small among the clans of Judah, out of you will come for me one who will be ruler over Israel, whose origins are from of old, from ancient times.”

By being born in Bethlehem, Jesus not only aligned with the scriptural prophecies but also affirmed his Davidic lineage. The significance of being a descendant of King David was crucial in establishing Jesus’ legitimacy and fulfilling the messianic expectations set forth in the Old Testament.

“But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, though you are small among the clans of Judah, out of you will come for me one who will be ruler over Israel, whose origins are from of old, from ancient times.” – Micah 5:2

The town of Bethlehem held historical and symbolic importance in the biblical narrative even before Jesus’ birth. It was the birthplace of King David, the revered shepherd king, whose throne Jesus was believed to inherit. Therefore, Jesus’ birth in Bethlehem solidified his connection to the Davidic lineage and fulfilled the messianic expectations of being the rightful heir to the throne.

Furthermore, Bethlehem’s significance extends beyond its association with King David. The name “Bethlehem” itself carries meaning, as it translates to “house of bread” in Hebrew. This name takes on a deeper symbolism when considering that Jesus would later identify himself as the “bread of life” in John 6:35, proclaiming, “I am the bread of life. Whoever comes to me will never go hungry, and whoever believes in me will never be thirsty.”

To reinforce the significance of Jesus’ birthplace, a visit to Bethlehem today allows believers to connect with the historical sites tied to the biblical narrative. The Church of the Nativity, built on the traditional site of Jesus’ birth, serves as a pilgrimage destination for Christians from around the world who seek to experience the tangible connection to the birth of Jesus.

Symbolic Significance of Jesus’ Birthplace

Symbol Meaning
Prophecy Fulfillment Jesus’ birth in Bethlehem fulfilled the Messianic prophecies foretold in the Old Testament.
Davidic Lineage Being born in the city of David affirmed Jesus’ connection to the Davidic lineage and his rightful claim to the Messianic throne.
Symbolic Name The name “Bethlehem,” meaning “house of bread,” aligns with Jesus’ identification as the “bread of life.”
Pilgrimage Destination The Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem serves as a pilgrimage site, allowing believers to physically connect with the birthplace of Jesus.

The significance of Jesus’ birthplace goes beyond historical and cultural context. It serves as a reminder of the humble beginnings of the Savior and the immense impact he would have on the world. Jesus’ birth in Bethlehem fulfilled prophecies, solidified his lineage, and carried symbolic meaning that continues to resonate with Christians today.

Conclusion

The traditional understanding of Jesus’ birth in a stable overlooks the cultural, historical, and linguistic aspects of the biblical text. Reassessing the narrative highlights the significance of hospitality, kinship, and the expectations of suitable accommodations during that time. By placing Jesus’ birth in a private home, we gain a deeper understanding of the context in which he entered the world and the values he embodied.

Jesus’ birth in a private home aligns with the cultural practices of the time, where hospitality and honoring kinship were highly valued. It would have been unthinkable for Joseph and Mary, especially as descendants of King David, to be turned away from a proper place to give birth. This reevaluation of the traditional narrative helps us appreciate the humble yet meaningful circumstances surrounding Jesus’ birth.

Ultimately, understanding the context in which Jesus was born provides a more accurate portrayal of his beginnings and the values he would go on to preach. The emphasis on hospitality and the importance of suitable accommodations remind us of the profound impact Jesus had on the world and the enduring message of love and compassion he shared.

FAQ

What was an inn like in Jesus’ time?

An inn in Jesus’ time referred to a place where travelers could find lodging. However, the concept of an inn during that time was different from what we understand today. It could be a place to sleep on the ground, a room in someone’s home by the highway, or a public building where rent was charged and food was served. Different Greek words were used in the New Testament to describe an inn, each with its own specific meaning.

What Greek words are used to describe an inn in the New Testament?

In the New Testament, three Greek words are used to describe an inn. The word “kataluma” refers to a place to sleep or lodge, similar to a guest room in someone’s home. It can also be used to describe the place where Jesus had the Last Supper. Another word, “ksenia,” specifically refers to living quarters in a person’s home. The third word, “pandocheion,” is used in the parable of the Good Samaritan and describes a public place that resembles a hotel in modern times. These different words highlight the various types of accommodations available during that period.

Did public inns exist during Greek and Roman times?

Yes, public inns existed during Greek and Roman times and could accommodate large caravans, including animals and drivers. These inns were often named caravanserai and were similar to modern hotels. Although there is no archaeological evidence of these inns, they are mentioned in literary sources. Additionally, the Jewish Mishnah refers to inns and innkeepers, indicating their existence and widespread use in Palestine during the first two centuries A.D.

What was the reputation of inns during Jewish and early Christian times?

Inns and innkeepers had a bad reputation during Jewish and early Christian times, as evidenced by references in the Mishnah. The Mishnah portrays innkeepers as being on the lowest scale of degradation and implies that their word cannot be trusted. This negative reputation led to the recommendation of keeping an open house for the benefit of strangers, following the example of Abraham and promoting the practice of hospitality.

How does the cultural background of accommodations in Bethlehem impact the understanding of Jesus’ birth?

The cultural background of accommodations in Bethlehem during Jesus’ time is important to understanding the circumstances surrounding his birth. The New Testament indicates that Joseph and Mary went to Bethlehem, a small town in the mountains of Judea, which was likely Joseph’s ancestral home. Hospitality and honoring kinship were highly valued in this region, and it would have been unthinkable for Joseph and Mary, especially as descendants of King David, to be turned away from a proper place to give birth.

What does the word “inn” mean in the Bethlehem context?

The Greek word “kataluma,” traditionally translated as “inn,” is used in the Gospel of Luke to describe the place where Joseph and Mary sought lodging in Bethlehem. However, evidence suggests that it should be understood as the guest room of a private home rather than a commercial inn. Luke’s use of the word in other contexts confirms this interpretation and aligns with the cultural practices of the time.

Was Jesus really born in a stable?

Various factors make the traditional narrative of Jesus’ birth in a stable questionable. The stable myth is likely based on the presence of a manger, which could be found both in stables and within Palestinian homes. The cultural, historical, and linguistic evidence suggests that Jesus was born in a private home, possibly even a cave, which was a common feature of Palestinian peasant homes.

How important was hospitality in Jesus’ time?

Hospitality was a deeply ingrained cultural value in Jesus’ time, rooted in biblical teachings and societal expectations. Both Jews and early Christians were encouraged to show hospitality to strangers and treated it as a noble act. The birth of Jesus would have been an occasion for the surrounding community to extend their hospitality to Joseph and Mary, ensuring they had a suitable place for the birth.

What were the cultural practices in childbirth in the Middle East?

In Middle Eastern culture, childbirth was a significant event, often involving numerous women from the community who would gather to assist the mother. Private homes were equipped with the necessary facilities for a peasant birth, including bedding and warm water. The idea that Joseph and Mary would be left without proper accommodations for the birth, especially in their ancestral home, goes against cultural norms and expectations.

Is the traditional narrative of Jesus’ birth accurate?

By examining the biblical text, cultural practices, and historical context, it becomes clear that the traditional narrative of Jesus’ birth in a stable is at odds with the available evidence. Joseph and Mary likely found lodging with relatives in Bethlehem, where Mary gave birth in a private home, possibly a cave. This reevaluation provides a more accurate understanding of the circumstances surrounding Jesus’ birth.

Why is the birthplace of Jesus significant?

The birthplace of Jesus holds great significance for Christians, as it fulfills prophecies and aligns with the biblical narrative. Understanding the cultural and historical context of Bethlehem during Jesus’ time helps us appreciate the humble yet meaningful circumstances surrounding his birth. It reminds us of the hospitality, kinship, and reverence that marked that period and the profound impact Jesus would have on the world.

What is the conclusion regarding Jesus’ birth and accommodations?

The traditional understanding of Jesus’ birth in a stable overlooks the cultural, historical, and linguistic aspects of the biblical text. Reassessing the narrative highlights the significance of hospitality, kinship, and the expectations of suitable accommodations during that time. By placing Jesus’ birth in a private home, we gain a deeper understanding of the context in which he entered the world and the values he embodied.

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